Michael Jordan vs Wikipedia Essay Example for Free

Michael Jordan versus Wikipedia Essay Michael Jordan VS Wikipedia Over the previous twelve years there has been an incredible debate on whether the site Wikipedia is sufficiently solid to get sources that are sufficiently precise to accept. Many appear to be speedy to judge whether if Wikipedia is a sound source and refers to the important going to make it a dependable source to get data from. In the article â€Å"Wikipedia†(2013), obscure writers advise the overall population about the Wikipedia site. The creators give proof on who refreshes their data, site their sources and incorporate references. The motivation behind Wikipedia is to convince clients to utilize the site. Wikipedia focuses on the overall population to utilize their site for a non-benefit association. Wikipedia is a solid source since it refers to its sources and gives educated realities. On the site Wikipedia, under the source passage â€Å"Wikipedia† broadly expounds on all the characteristics and data about Wikipedia and how it came to fruition and why it is a solid site to get data from. Wikipedia has become the biggest and most well known general reference deal with the Internet. Wikipedia is a dependable source in view of its vandalism program in which it can distinguish and expel vandalism inside a couple of moments. Additionally with Wikipedia being a free online reference book it takes into consideration open structure, which allows the general population to public and change anything about any subject. On the Wikipedia site under the point â€Å"Wikipedia†, found that â€Å"a non-logical report in the diary Nature in 2005 recommended that for some logical articles Wikipedia approached the degree of precision of Encyclopedia Britannica†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (preface). So, it legitimizes that Wikipedia’s unwavering quality is similarly as compelling as that of a productive reference book that is composed by specialists. Many feel as though Wikipedia isn’t a solid enough sources since it contains articles composed dependent on writers understandings of exploration that other have done. Schools here and there don't permit their understudy to discover examination or realities on Wikipedia on the grounds that they re-think Wikipedia’s noteworthiness overall. A few inquiries that may become possibly the most important factor is, the reason wouldn’t you refer to the first source, and what significance does somebody elseâ interpretation have? Despite the fact that anybody can alter Wikipedia, it is still looked into and their vandalism program and bots that scan for mistakes evacuate wrong data rapidly. Generally, you have amazingly little odds of finding inconsistent and mistaken data on Wikipedia. Wikipedia likewise gives bl ue content shows connects to other Wikipedia passages or to hotspots for the section to enable the peruser to go more into profundity about their theme. Reference books are for the most part composed for individuals who don't have a clue about a lot about a particular subject and might want to discover more. With Wikipedia being that online non gainful reference book it permits individuals to look through any subject and passes on enough data to a peruser who knows nearly nothing or nothing about the subject. For instance on the Wikipedia site I scanned for trustworthy data about â€Å"Michael Jordan†. In the article â€Å"Michael Jordan†(2013), from Wikipedia advises the overall population about the heritage of Michael Jordan. The creators give learned realities about his initial a long time throughout everyday life, his details and game midpoints and furthermore incorporate references to help their realities. Their motivation is to give as much educated and strong realities about Michael Jordan’s profession and life. The article targets and causes any client hoping to discover data about Michael Jordan and Wikipedia does this all by refering to its sources and utilizing references. An extraordinary case of a way Wikipedia is a dependable source is the image is figure 6, shows a plaque of Michael Jordan’s accomplishments at the United Center. Wikipedia likewise has all through the content blue featured content that can lead the peruser to connections to other Wikipedia sections or sources that identify with the subject of decision. Wikipedia has persuade that it is an entirely dependable source on account of its refering to and solid realities I got about Michael Jordan’s vocation. Wikipedia lead me to new realities about Michael Jordan’s profession, for example, â€Å"During the Bulls season finisher run in 1993, contention emerged when Jordan was seen betting in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the night prior to a game against the Knicks. In that equivalent year, he confessed to covering $57,000 in betting losses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (14). With Wikipedia raise this issue about Michael Jordan’s life and refering to where it originated from and giving me exchange interfaces that lead me more into profundity with this issue demonstrates that Wikipedia is dependable. Some reach the determination that Wikipedia has a shortcoming and is definitely not a dependable source since it is an open source site which implies anybody can alter it. Its shortcoming is the thing that makes it so extraordinary. Anybody can alter it. This brings an enormous assortment of data just as incredible profundity and huge lists of sources. Wikipedia additionally goes well beyond to address and alter sources have references and staff are continually checking alters. In Wikipedia’s disclaimer that may it evident that Wikipedia might be incorrect and deceiving and it is at last they clients choice and to utilize their careful decision. However, how is some arbitrary site that is Googled up progressively dependable then Wikipedia? I would say Wikipedia has lead me to significant and solid data about the current subject and has gave me pictures, realities and sources to back my data up with. Works Cited â€Å"Wikipedia. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. ,1 Apr. 2013. Web. 10Apr. 2013. â€Å"Michael Jordan. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. , 10 Apr. 2013. Web. 1 Apr. 2013.

Japanese Prejudice in Fact and Fiction Essay -- Discrimination Japanes

Japanese Prejudice in Fact and Fiction The tale Snow Falling on Cedars by David Guterson is about the manner in which Japanese Americans were treated in the United States during the hour of Pearl Harbor and a while later. Guterson got his motivation for a novel about a court preliminary loaded with bias from Harper Lee’s tale To Kill a Mockingbird. His dad was an attorney, so Guterson had the option to reenact a reasonable preliminary that could have happened during the late 1940s in the book (Sherwin 1). Kabuo Miyamoto, the man blamed for homicide in the book, is assumed blameworthy on the grounds that he appears to be unique. At the point when Japan bombarded Pearl Harbor, most Americans got frightful of the Japanese. The Japanese-Americans didn’t have the same number of rights as different Americans, and like Kabuo would have been assumed liable. Japanese were not permitted to claim or rent land, they were sent to internment camps, and when they came back from the camps their own belongings were not retur ned. The Japanese living on the West Coast turned into an alleged danger to individuals. Americans were anxious about the possibility that that Japan would attack the West Coast. The Japanese were preferable ranchers over most Caucasians, since they were extremely diligent employees. In 1907, the first of the Alien Land Laws was established. The laws disallowed the deal or rent of land to Japanese individuals. This law was as a result through 1966. Nine additional bills were presented in 1943 that â€Å"were intended to restrict the responsibility for by outsider Japanese and United States residents of Japanese heritage, to preclude Japanese outsiders from being gatekeepers of property claimed by the minor United States resident kids, and to accommodate the deal at open sale or private offer of escheated property† (Chuman 200). T... ...inst, Kabuo Miyamoto was the first explored in the homicide of Carl Heine. After some incidental proof was discovered, the examination was halted, in light of the fact that everybody assumed Kabuo was blameworthy. Before the finish of the book, a correspondent finds the proof that the sheriff didn’t search for. The appointed authority excuses the preliminary in the wake of hearing proof about climate conditions and hair found on the vessel. Kabuo was discharged from prison following seven months. Work Cited Chuman, Frank. The Bamboo People: The Law and Japanese-Americans. Del Mar, California: Publisher's Inc., 1976. Girdner, Audrie and Loftis, Anne. The Great Betrayal. London: The MacMillan Organization, 1969. Hersey, John. Manazar. New York: Times Books, 1988. Sherwin, Elizabeth. Printed Matter - David Guterson- - Page. 6/4/97. 4/11/01 <http://www.dcn.davis.ca.us/go/doohickey/cedars.html>.

With Regard To Anti- Social Behaviour Orders, What Have Been The Most

With Regard To Anti- Social Behaviour Orders, What Have Been The Most With Regard To Anti- Social Behaviour Orders, What Have Been The Most Significant Sources Of â€" Essay Example > 3. Bad neighbourhood, negligence by the community and neighbours, absence of social commitment4. Peer pressure and lack of individuality that involves in problem behaviour. The framing of laws and their enforcement will show only minimum effect in controlling the anti social behaviour. Consider the drug trafficking. The details of laws enacted were available from 1940. 65 years of laws making and their enforcement, punishments did not completely eradicate the drug trafficking. The same is the thing with the other types of anti social behaviour also. The cause for the anti social behaviour will be different in different periods. In 60s the youth used to be drug addicts. Addicting to drugs used to be considered as anti social in those days. Internationally many laws are framed and implemented on the name of UN conventions. Still the government did not completely eradicate the drug abuse. There are many patients in the country who are being treated for drug abuse. Let us consider the educational angle in drugs. The pharmaceutical drugs are being manufactured illegally in many countries globally and even in UK it goes unnoticed up to a little extent. This type of anti social behaviour cannot be controlled by mere law enforcement. At the same time one cannot ignore the role of law enforcement and criminal justice system. They play a major role in controlling anti social behaviour, but the fact is that the social and welfare points of view also must be taken to control the anti social behaviour in some sections of the society. What is needed other than enforcement of law: Government should emphasise on underlying causes to control Anti social behaviour other than law enforcement. According to survey conducted for Joseph Rowntree foundation tells that the majority of the people believe in prevention than the enforcement or punishment. Twenty percent of the people believed in tough action and 11 percent of the people believed in the combination o both prevention a nd enforcement. The study was conducted at King’s college London. It reveals that the residents of the neighbourhoods experiencing anti social behaviour are offering different solutions to the problem. This is due to the fact that the difference in the people facing the anti social behaviour. The family which is a victim of anti social behaviour and have an anti social element in it will probably suggest a combination of prevention and enforcement. The families who are just victims of anti social behaviour may feel the tough enforcement and strong punishment may address the problem. The administration should take majority opinion and the fact that really addresses the problem into consideration. When development of a policy is concerned, the enforcement and punishment are a must and inseparable part of the solution. Even though we can observe that mere enforcement and punishment did not decrease the anti social behaviour in the country and all over the world. The necessity and t he probability of committing the behaviour also will matter. The atmosphere should be in such a manner to prevent the anti social behaviour activities of any person.

Perspective on Education in Nigeria - 2851 Words

Perspectives on the History of Education in Nigeria, 2008 INDIGENOUS AFRICAN EDUCATION Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Jekayinfa General Principles of Education Education is a universal process occurring in all human societies involving a society passed on its culture, that is the social, ethical, intellectual, artistic and industrial attainments of the group by which it can be differentiated from another group. It therefore goes on informally and has deep roots in the environment in which it takes place. No study of the history of education is complete without adequate knowledge of the traditional or indigenous education system prevalent in Africa before the introduction of Islam and Christianity. Every society whether simple or complex,†¦show more content†¦The education of the African Perspectives on the History of Education in Nigeria, 2008 child or adult was therefore a continuous activity and every member of the society was involved in it by passing on and/or learning what needs to be learnt in the society. It is a time-honoured principles and practice in almost all African societies that no individual has the right to exist unto himself alone. (Fafunwa, 1974). Everybody has to develop within the society and interact with others for the well being of the society in general. This is why communalism forms the basic philosophy on ownership of property, defence and other aspects of social life. Right from birth, the child is made to realize that his lot is tied on to that of the community which includes himself, his mates, the elders, the souls of the departed and generations unborn. Consequently, if he happens to default, he would realize the full implications of it, that it does not end with those whom he sees and talks to but also those he cannot see but who see him and follow his actions in details.. The principle all ows one to own property and to be individualistic to a certain extent but not all the time. You are trained to share your property, even clothes, with others.’ This sounds unhygienic but there are. safeguards to control this, theft and abuse of such privileges. Under this, same principle, land and landed property were notShow MoreRelatedTEACHER EDUCATION IN NIGERIA IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF LIFE-LONG EDUCATION7898 Words   |  32 PagesPROGRAM FACAULTY OF EDUCATION RESEARCH ON TEACHER EDUCATION TOPIC: TEACHER EDUCATION IN NIGERIA IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF LIFE-LONG EDUCATION LECTURER: PROF. RAO CONG-MAN et al PRESENTER: DIDAM BANENAT DATE: JUNE, 2013. 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Financial Ratios Analysis Of The Toyota Motor Corporation Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1865 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? This report was written to make an analysis of the financial statements of the Toyota Motor Corporation for period from 2008 to 2010, according to analysis of the ratios and trend analysis of absolutes. The review of companys history and the impact of events happen to TMC gave an opportunity to enlarge our understandings of the entitys financial situation. Furthermore, this report performs a view to predict and forecast the expectations of the company. Introduction Nowadays major and popular companies publish their financial information such as balance sheet, cash flow, financial statement and others in order to perform the financial position of the company on the world market. All this financial data makes an influence on attractiveness of the company for investors and customers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Ratios Analysis Of The Toyota Motor Corporation Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The purpose of this report is to study financial analysis instruments and methods according to published data of the company. The object of this report is Toyota Motor Corporation which takes the seventh place as the largest company worldwide and the second place as the largest manufacturer of automobiles. Toyota Motor Corporation founded in 1937 by Mr. Kiichiro Toyoda now is a famous multinational automaker simply known as Toyota. This company has 28 producing facilities all over the world, employs over 300ÂÂ  000 people and sells vehicles in over 170 countries/regions. As for me the reason why I have chosen this company was to study and understand how this company was succeeding for so many years and even having global problems with gas pedal and financial crisis Toyota still is one of the leading car producers. Consequently the analysis of the financial statements of Toyota Company can give the answers for many questions. Also, one more reason of my choice is that Toyota is one of the largest car distributors in my country, in Kazakhstan. I wanted to learn more what Toyota did for my country as a customer and what is position of TMC in world as in Kazakhstan Toyota cars are really demanded. The history of the Toyota Motor Corporation The era of information and technology made human race to develop different fields of business and automobile production was one of them. There are lots of companies established in XIX-XX century having a rich history, and Toyota Motor Corporation is not an exception. * * * Kiichiro Toyoda, born in 1894 founded Toyota Motor Corporation in August 28, 1937. Kiichiro devoted his entire life to the manufacturing cars. And his first A1 prototype passenger car was created in 1935 which initiated the birth of TMC. The Toyota Motor Corporation today Toyota Motor Corporation now is a famous multinational automaker simply known as Toyota. This company has lots of factories worldwide and produces such cars and buses branded as Lexus, Toyota, Scion. The Ratio analysis of The Toyota Motor Corporation The full financial picture for potential investors of any company is the annual report that makes an analysis of the financial profitability on the base of which a decision can be done whether invest or not. To perform the situation of TMC in a more precise way it is necessary to analyze the financial position of the company via financial ratios, statements and profitability. Financial ratios are helpful indicators of performance and financial situation of the company. The financial statements provide with the information from ratios. All these data give a full vision of trends and companys financial position. As many other business companies suffered from the global financial crisis, TM was impressed as well. Also the great scandal of Toyota cars recall didnt pass without a trace. All these events made a great influence on the financial stability of the company. For the beginning, the observation of the main financial statements such as income for the period, revenue, basic earnings and dividends per share is very useful analysis. For revenue statement of Toyota, the decrease can be considered from 262 394 ($ millions) on the end of March 2008 to 202 814 ($ millions) on the end of 2010. As a result, income for the period of 2008-2009 decreased almost for 21% and 2009-2010 for 2.5% due to several problems as the global financial crises and Toyota cars recall because of technical problems of gas pedal. Liquidity ratios Liquidity ratios calculation is the start point in ratio analysis. This calculation performs the amount of cash available in the company in most cases for twelve month. Current assets ratio The current assets ratio is a proportion between current assets and current liabilities. The main idea of this ratio is the current assets must be higher than current liabilities and the proportion to be 3 to 1 accordingly. Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 139 914/114 364=1,22 114 396/107 212=1,06 120 633/119 181=1,01 A ratio under 1.2 can be a sign of weakness. Generally it may be the cause of the financial problems of the company however as can be seen from calculations above Toyota has been becoming more stable despite the global financial crisis and scandal of cars recall. Quick ratio or acid test ratio One more ratio to be considered is a quick ratio. It gives the statement analysis of the current assets without stock as it is difficult to exclude the stock (inventories) immediately and can be found as: (Current assets stock) / Current liabilities. Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 (139914-15222)/114364=1,09 (114396-14776)/107212=0,93 (120633-18222)/119181=0,86 This indicator is a companys short-term liquidity.ÂÂ  ItÂÂ  measuresÂÂ  a companysÂÂ  ability to meetÂÂ  its short-term obligations withÂÂ  its most liquid assets. The main idea of quick ratio is the higher the quick ratio,ÂÂ  theÂÂ  better the position of theÂÂ  company. The appropriate proportion for this ratio is at least 1/1 meaning TMC was going up its position as a company during 2008-2010. Profitability ratios The next step is counting of profitability ratios which measure the profit of the company in terms of net assets or sales income. Return On Capital Employed Return on capital employed ratio gives the information how successfully the company uses own capital, simply the rate of return made on the total capital employed. The calculation is as following: Profit before Tax / (Total Assets Current Liabilities) Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 3 119/(324 800-114 364)*100%=1,48% (5 674)/(294 240-107 212)*100%=(3,03%) 24 326/(323 968-119 181)*100%=11,88% This ratio is very important indicator of profitability of the company as ROCE shows how successful Toyota owned the capital financed for its assets. From the table above it is evident that ROCE ratio indicators in 2009 were negative which is connected with the global financial crisis. However a positive recovery TMC had next year. Gross profit ratio Gross profit ratio is the way to calculate the gross profit earned on sales which is determined as (Sales Cost of Goods Sold) or Gross profit/Sales. The figures of TMC are as follows: Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 24 263/202 814=12% 20 996/207 852=10% 47 599/262 394=18% This ratio defines how profitable was the company to its sales. Mark-up ratio The next ratio connected with gross profit is mark-up ratio and defined as the Gross Profit divided by the Cost of Sales Sold. Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 24 263/178 551=14% 20 996/186 856=11% 47 599/214 795=22% Net profit ratio Another ratio as Net Profit Ratio gives the relationship between profit and revenue and defined as follows (Net Profit before Taxation/Revenue): Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 3 119/202 814=2% (5 674)/207 852=(3%) 24 326/262 394=9% This is very important ratio as it involves all the entitys costs. In the current case Toyota was more efficient in 2008 than in 2009 and 2010. As a result NP ratio is used to calculate the overall profitability. In case the net profit is not sufficient, the company will not be able to achieve a satisfactory return on its investment. Efficiency ratios Next step is to identify how the company is profitable in relation to investments. The four main ratios should be identified: fixed assets turnover, stock turnover, trade debtor/creditor collection period. Fixed assets turnover FAT is a proportion of net sales to fixed assets. It measures ability of the company to generate net sales from fixed-asset investments (property, plant and equipment). The higher the fixed-asset turnover the more effectively the company is using the investment in fixed assets to generate revenues. The formula for FAT is Net Sales divided by Net Property, Plant and Equipment. Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 202 814/71 820=2,82 207 852/74 939=2,77 4/77 972=3,37 Stock turnover or inventory turnover A ratio that measures how often inventories are used per year. Stock turnover is defined as: Sales/Inventory Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 202 814/15 222=13,32 207 852/14 776=14,07 262 394/18 222=14,40 Inventory turnover to be compared against industry averages. A low turnover means poor sales and, hence, excess of inventory. A high ratio tells either strong sales or ineffective buying. Trade debtor collection period This ratio evaluates how easily the entity can obtain its money to avoid cash flow problems. The formula is (trade debtors / sales) x 365 Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 (75 859/202 814)*365=136,52 days (62 997/207 852)*365=110,63 days (74 140/262 394)*365=103,13 days As can be seen from the table above the trade debtors collection period was increasing since 2008 to 2010 which determines that the time for debtors to pay increased. Trade creditor collection period The similar calculation is for creditors as: (trade payables/turnover x 365 days). Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 (41 159/202 814)*365= 74,07 days (29 274/207 852)*365= 51,41 days (49 225/262 394)*365= 68,47 days Investment ratios This ratio is a measurement of the direct interest of investors or shareholders. It covers analysis of dividend yield, dividend cover, earnings per share, price/earnings ratio and capital gearing. Dividend yield Dividend yield is expressed as an annual percentage of the companys annual cash dividend per share divided by the current price of the stock. The shareholder can value his income by comparing dividend per share and market price per share. The calculation is dividend per share/market share price: Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 0,56/46,23=1,2% 1,23/38,51=3,2% 1,73/61,35=2,8% Dividend cover This ratio shows how often dividend can be received from current earnings. The formula is: profit after tax/dividends. Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 2 569/1 846=1,39 times 4 670/4 455=1,05 times 16 368/4 300=3,81 times Earnings per share Earnings per share is a published information provided in the companys annual report. Mar 31, 2010, $ Mar 31, 2009, $ Mar 31, 2008, $ 0,82 1,72 6,67 Price/earnings ratio Price/earnings ratio defines relationship of market price per share and earnings per share. Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 46,23/0,82=56,07 38,51/1,72=22,42 61,35/6,67=9,19 Earnings yield This ratio is the relationship of earnings ratio to price Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 0,82/46,23=0,02 1,72/38,51=0,04 6,67/61,35=0,11 Gearing Gearing is ratio of borrowed capital and capital employed and calculated as (short-term loans and Overdrafts + long-term liabilities) / shareholders funds x 100. Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 (64 966 + 41 159 + 75 079)/110 870*100=163,44% (70 748 + 29 274 + 63 799)/101 865*100=160,82% (62 163 + 49 225 + 59 706)/118 470*100=144,42% Interest cover Interest cover is a ratio used to define if a company is able to pay interest on outstanding debt. The formula of interest coverage ratio is (earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) of one period)/(interest expensesÂÂ  of the same period) Mar 31, 2010 Mar 31, 2009 Mar 31, 2008 3 477/358=9,71% (5 199)/475=(10,95%) 24 786/460=53,88% From data above it can be seen that TMC had financial problems with interest cover as the ratio fell down in 2009 however recovered in 2010. Conclusion The Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the biggest world cars producing company. Nowadays it has lots of manufacturing factories all over the world and the demand for Toyota cars is going up year by year as automobiles of this company are of good quality, sold on available price and safety. The financial analysis of the company performed the good statement in 2008 and recovery process till 2010 as TMC as other automobile producers suffered from the global financial crisis. Though Toyotas image was collapsed due to millions of cars recall, the company still has a stable position on the world market and will recovery easily. In conclusion, I would point out that the strong potential of TMC will return the level it had before and attract more and more investors to its business. Appendix Financial Statement, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow are available from the following link https://finance.yahoo.com/q/is?s=TM+Income+Statementannual

The types and benefits of Open distance learning Free Essays

Open distance larning refers to instruction and preparation in which utilizing the learning resources, instead than go toing schoolroom Sessionss, is the cardinal characteristic of the learning experience. There are three types of unfastened distance scholars ( ODL ) : Face to face acquisition: Classroom Environment, Formal Classroom, Computer Laboratory, Science Laboratory, Number of Meetings, 5 or less meetings, 5 or more meetings, Teaching Schemes, Direct A ; Indirect. Self managed acquisition: Specialy designed faculties with support from: – CDROM Courseware, Digital Library, Physical Library, Capable Matter Experts, Peers, Tutors. We will write a custom essay sample on The types and benefits of Open distance learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Online acquisition: Resources, Learning Objects ( iTutorials, iWeblets ) , Multimedia Courseware, PDF Documents, Microsoft Office Attachments, Digital Library, Discussions. Most of ODL are part-timers and have households. Learners will be confronting jobs in equilibrating their work and instruction because of that and is genuinely disputing for them. As debut I want to foreground about the job face by get downing on-line scholars. In the modern-day age is the ability to have an instruction 1000s of stat mis off from a schoolroom in a convenient and efficient mode. Majority of universities presents offer unfastened online larning for pupils all around the universe. Get downing on-line scholar ‘s categories might non be an ideal circumstance for every interested individual. What are the jobs faced by get downing on-line scholars really? 2.0. Three chief job face by get downing on-line scholars: 2.1. Lack of socialising with equals and working with your larning manner: – A traditional schoolroom state of affairs is non possible to get downing on-line scholars for acquisition. If a societal interaction were accomplishable with get downing on-line scholars, pupils might be unsure to run into with person whom they merely know from the Internet. This job with online larning would decidedly impede a kinaesthetic or haptic scholar, and if the plan does n’t supply video interaction so an auditory scholar would besides non do as well.So by listening and discourse something or working with manipulatives, so get downing on-line scholars one think is non your best choice.As an coach, supervising pupil comprehension is of import otherwise pupils wo n’t understand the lesson moves on and one or more pupils are left behind to seek and calculate out what they did n’t catch up. Feeling behind while all others continue with the lesson will rapidly allow down their self-belief degree. Reflect on all of your options and judge what type of pupil you were in the yesteryear every bit good as what are the jobs faced by ODL in the last few old ages. Finally, you could detect an educational plan that hysterics your demands whether that is with a traditional manner instruction or an beginning online scholars instruction. 2.2. Juggling life: – When asked what are the jobs faced by unfastened distance scholars, life and its ensuing complications seems to be the figure one response. Most enrolled pupils in unfastened distance acquisition are committed to their life in some other manner apart from school such as a household to care for, some facet which occupies the their clip, a mandatory full-time occupation to pay the measures. Except the pupils make a personal committedness to finish the class of survey, odds are life will happen a manner to deflect and rupture them off from carry throughing their end of go oning their instruction. Unlike traditional university pupils who are ever in their acquisition group which supports them most of the clip, on-line scholars pupils are non. Online scholars pupil besides have a difficult clip in being independent and responsible to their ain ego. Most of the clip, no 1 would steer pupil larning procedure. Unfocused position of their acquisition ends besides will do the pupils act irresponsibly towards their acquisition. Beside that, they besides face jobs in acknowledging and get the hanging strengths and accomplishments. In on-line acquisition, engineering is the chief conduit which information and communicating flow. The pupils need to hold some basic authorship accomplishments and a go on-line appreciation of English linguistic communication. For this they must hold a computing machine with internet entree. Those looking to heighten their skill sets and capablenesss through online larning demand to fight with issues such as self-motivation, household committednesss, work life, clip direction, and other proficient activities. Balancing these issues with regular online categories, assignments, trials and tests can be ra ther disputing. Assignments and undertakings can be limited by feedback and appraisal by teachers. Developing relationships with real-world schoolmates and networking with other equals is besides restricted. 2.3. No established modus operandis: – Merely like pupils in a traditional school environment, unfastened distance scholars must make a dedicated topographic point for analyzing and larning to take topographic point. Successful pupils assign to a clip to analyze and a topographic point to analyze. It is portion of set uping a modus operandi that keeps pupils stop uping in front when times get tough yet life has demands and pupils of unfastened distance larning tend to derive a false sense of freedom. Yes, you ‘re free to larn at place but the other committednesss of life are traveling on around you. Students who stop, bead, and larn do n’t be given to retain as much information. Self-monitoring is non ever helpful particularly when cunctation sets in and one time the work starts stacking up there is less penchant to retrieve from that cunctation. Do non hold adequate clip, excessively many plants to be done and lazy are among other grounds given by this type of pupils in order to avoid analyzing for tests. 3.0. Solutions to the stated jobs for get downing on-line scholars: 3.1. Time direction: – To finish your surveies via a flexible agenda in an on-line format can be really advantageous as get downing on-line scholars. Many scholars who enroll in an on-line grade plan think that it is traveling to be easy to complete their coursework without a set category agenda to follow. Anyone who wants to win in an on-line grade plan should hold clip direction accomplishments. To do certain you devote a plenty sum of clip to your surveies, set aside specific period each hebdomad that you will give to your coursework. It ‘s besides of import to be after your friends and household members for the fact that you will be puting aside certain times for surveies. If non they will evidently believe that you ‘re available to them because you are at place. Efficient clip direction is n’t the lone challenge faced by pupils in on-line instruction plans but acquiring your agenda under control is one of the first things that every online scholar demands to make to fix to stand out in his or her categories. 3.2. Introduce new classs: – Introduction of a nucleus class to cover the needed accomplishments is the most great manner to guarantee that pupils are both enthusiastic and suitably prepared for ODL. The scholars need to ease the debut of group work into an otherwise â€Å" traditional † grade model, fit group work into the semester system and to develop academic staff in their apprehension of group accomplishments and theory. Supremely, a short class for staff should be run on a regular footing and an introductory nucleus class for pupils in the first twelvemonth of the plan should be introduced. This solution enables any classs within the plan to use group acquisition, confident that the key demands and accomplishments will already be familiar to the pupils prior to the beginning of the class. Likewise, get downing on-line scholars will be cognizant that group work may organize portion of the standard acquisition procedure, and are likely to near such classs with far less nervousness than might otherwis e be the instance. 3.3. Skills required at the beginning of the class: – In this instance where ODL engagement in a group work of minimal two hebdomads at the start of the class should be devoted wholly to the nucleus advantages, benefits of group acquisition and the accomplishments required without any anterior formal preparation in group skills.It seems hard. However, readying of get downing on-line scholars in this manner is an indispensable demand for successful group work and someway assumes less importance when one steps out of the more usual talk, seminar and tutorial manner. Group facilitation, duties to other group members and effectual online communicating are amongst the accomplishments that should be stressed in these Sessionss. One of import accomplishment to larning online is larning to pull off your clip foremost. We have to do a hebdomadal survey agenda for the most effectual ways to maintain on top of your studying.A Make clip usefull for offline activities. Make note of these at the beginning of the class and program consequently for them to be a succesfull scholar. Follow the schemes below: ( GOAL SETTING STRATEGIES ) S Specific M Measureable A Accomplishable R Realistic T Time-bound 4.0. Decision Taking a class or gaining a grade via online acquisition can be a worthwhile experience but requires some subject on your portion. Proper readying can take to a direct focal point on your classs. A coach ‘s counsel is important for the success of synergistic and brooding acquisition. The findings reveal that the teacher ‘s counsel reduced such jobs and that, to a certain extent, successful acquisition was achieved.A It is apparent that distance instruction pupils in the survey benefitted from this signifier of acquisition and possible to set about certain steps to minimise the jobs and to guarantee greater success in future efforts. Last but non least, squad instruction should be implemented with each teacher taking on certain function. So, when you sign up for online acquisition, do n’t merely excited at the beginning but as the hebdomads advancement, motive can diminish.A When this occurs, remind yourself of the ground you enrolled in the first topographic point. How to cite The types and benefits of Open distance learning, Essay examples

The Struggles of Independent Artists free essay sample

Anathema The music Industry Is one of the biggest Industries In the world today. With millions of people listening to some of the best singers; music has become a need for people today. There are many genres of music with floods of artists filling them. You have Justine Bibber who leads all singers in the pop category, in fan support. There is also country music, which is led by Taylor Swift. Rap is another big genre, which has many great rappers. Some include Ill Wayne and Mine. These artists make it hard for independent artists to showcase their talent.Loads of upcoming and current artists make It hard for Independent artists to have a successful career. Independent artists have a lot of competition to go through to have a successful career. They need talent in music and they need an interest in the music industry. They need to work hard and overcome the obstacles they face. Independent artists today have many obstacles in getting their music produced and heard; these include financial difficulties, difficulty in getting their music on the radio, and the censorship and banning of their music.The biggest obstacle In an Independent artists career Is developing It. This Is cause If they do not have the necessary amount of money needed, they will have no music to sell. Most Independent artists do not spend their money wisely, which results in failure. They either, blow money on unnecessary services, waste time in getting their music published, or simply do not have the amount of money needed to create their music. Ribs Finny wrote about this topic. He talks about what artists do with their money and he offers Ideas for the artists to improve their financial capableness. Here Is what he wrote.Many artists are under-funded and so they cant purchase the tools they need or ire the help they need. Sometimes this is a result of lack of funds to begin with. Sometimes it is because the available funds are not spent wisely. Successful artists know that they need to constantly invest and reinvest in their act. They establish a budget and stick with it. They raise capital if it is necessary, whether it comes from Investors, crowd sourcing, a loan or some sort of enterprising venture. If they are not good at managing their money, they hire someone who Is. They do not let money, or the lack of it stop them. Finny, 15 Reasons Why Some Indies Artists Fail And Others Succeed). Producing music is extremely expensive also. The more money artists put in their promotion, the more people will listen to their music. Artists need to decide on which path to take. They can either put loads of money in their song, or they can work hard and do many social interactions with future listeners. If they plan on selling an album, It can cost them plenty of money. Bar Scott wrote about how much this can cost. Scott says says she spent up to $ASK in bringing her album to the store. Here is what she went through to get her album out.To date, I have spent about $ask on Parachute. That means that I have to sell 5400 units at an average of $10 per CD to break even. Its worth noting here that I have not gotten paid at all for my part of this project. That will happen when I pay put on my credit card to make up the difference. (Scott, How Much Does it Cost to Make a CD in 2006? ). Although this was published in 2006, the cost to produce an album today, most likely, exceeds the amount Scott talks about. Artists can get an idea of how much it takes to make a album from her article. $ASK is extremely difficult to get.Many artists will also feel uncomfortable to use this money, because here is a risk involved. Artists cannot always make their money back. They can get a loss, and lose some of the money they put in. If an artist wants to become successful they would have to take the risk, even if they have some doubts. Artists will have to get their music on the radio to sell their copies, which is an whole other obstacle of its own. Artists also have a difficulty in getting their music played by their local radio stations. Most radio stations play the music that is much more popular. This leaves independent artists in the dust. This is because of the numerous famous artists, rood the radio stations, leaving no room for the independent artists. Marie Michaels writes in an article that you have to have amazing music Just to compete with the major artists. She states reasons why. She says Indies typically have no issues remembering they have to compete against established artists for airplay. If they forget, there will always be someone tat radio station who will remind them. Established artists have the backing of major labels, so their music can be so-so and still get airplay, while an Indiess good music will be tossed to the reject pile.For an Indies to win some much coveted airtime, their music has to outstanding, truly special, not Just good. (Michaels, Independent Artists: How to Get Radio Airplay). This shows that independent artists have to put all their effort in, even to get consideration, in being on the radio. Another reason why artists cant get radio airtime is because of Clear Channel. They are the multi-million dollar company that owns the most radio stations. In the Clear Channels Statistic article on Scatterbrain it tells how many stations Clear Channel owns.It says Clear Channel is he largest radio station group owner in the United States, both by number of stations and by revenue. The 850 stations reach more than 110 million listeners every week. If artists get rejected by one radio station owned by Clear Channel, they will probably get rejected by all of Clear Channels other radio stations. So for artists to be successful they need to be accepted by Clear Channel. These radio stations get a load of listeners. If artists are lucky enough to get some time, people who listen to the song and like it, will impulse buy it.So the more radio time they get, the higher more ales they get for their album. Even if they get radio airtime, some artists music might get censored. Some songs tend to get banned and censored. This may be because of the views shown in the song or the fact that the song contains loads of violence in it. Most of the music that was banned from the public were songs to do with politics. For example many songs were banned by Clear Channel after 9/1 1, because A senior executive at giant radio conglomerate Clear Channel Communications distributed a memo to all 1300 Clear Channel stations.This memo included a list of 150 songs with inappropriate lyrics. (Feldman Music Thats Been Banned). Some of the songs that were banned include What a Wonderful World, R. E. Ms Its the End of the World as We because their views may not be allowed, o be expressed, because of the restrictions of their music. Another reason why songs may get banned is because of violence. They can get banned because of the use of sex, drugs, or profanity. Most songs are even censored. This hurts the artist, because their song may not express its message with the song being censored.Threshold Trident wrote about why Hip-Hop music would not be censored. Hip Hop music has always been controversial. This is often as a result of the sensual beats and explicit lyrics, Hip Hop music claims to be the soul of the street. It signifies how real individuals in the streets speak, walk, behave and live. Hip Hop music is all concerning reality. Real lyrics! Its not regarding social welfare although it will be but to ask rapper to tone down his reality because it goes against the grain of politically correct society isnt the means to get his attention. This article is regarding freedom of expression in Hip Hop music.Trident Hip Hop Music Should Not Be Censored). He shares that he thinks rappers should be free to express their feeling. Artists should be able to express their music freely, without other people ruining their message. The obstacle their artists as to face, is the fact they have to change their song to something more appropriate, without ruing the message. Independent artists will have to go through any type of obstacles to be successful; these include money problems, radio airtime, and the restrictions of their music. Artists will have to control their money wisely and take a risk in using it.They would also have to push hard for radio airtime. They should also try and change the restrictions of their music or not let it change the meaning of their music. In any case, the arguments in this essay, can go for anyone doing anything. This is because; the essay states what obstacles the artists have to go through. This can be applied to other people in other industries. It could persuade them to use money wisely, fight for what is right, and to be more completive in what you are doing. People will always face obstacles when trying to become successful.

Lennox International Inc. Case Study

In modern changing business environment, companies need to have strategic policies to enable them remain competitive and profitable.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Lennox International Inc. Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Globalization and international trade has opened massive opportunities that companies can venture into; when operating in the global scenes, decisions and policies developed should be responsive to the needs of the particular business environment that the company aims at venturing. Lennox International Inc is an international American based company, in the business of providing climate control products like refrigeration equipments, heating apparatus, air conditioning equipments, and ventilation; the company is listed in New York stock exchange. The company has been in operation for more than one century and remains to be competitive and relevant amidst changing business environmen ts and competition. This paper analyzes the strategic and financial situation of the company. Organizational overview Dave Lennox established Lennox International Inc in the year 1895; where the company was making riveted-steel furnace, nine years down the line the company has accumulated enough financial base that it established a single outlet to sell and fix the furnace to contractors. In 1923, to cover for the expansion, the company developed a warehouse in Syracuse, New York; this time they developed new products in their production like forced-air furnace for residential heating apparatus. Currently, the company has its head quarters at Richardson, Texas, near Dallas; it has trimmed its services and products into four main areas they are: refrigeration, residential heating and cooling, Service experts, commercial heating and coolingAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ami dst competition and global financial crisis that befallen the world, the company continues to make some improved business gains; in 2009, the company recorded an annual sales of $2848million but the figure went up in 2010 to reach $3096millions. Currently the chief Executive officer is called Todd M. Bluedorn (please see the appendixes for bead of directors list) Strategic Assessment Strategic assessment is a management tool where a company analysis internal and external environment that it is operation it to be able to learn the strengths, opportunities and hindrances that might hinder the company from attaining its corporate goals and objectives. It is a decision making tool where the company utilizes the available information, and blends the information with collected information through external environment analysis and uses the quality to make decisions. The following is the strategic assessment of Lennox International Inc: External Analysis External analysis defines those fact ors that are beyond the control of a company; they are the factors that influence the operation of the company but there is nothing much that the company can do other than mitigate any threats and risks associated with them. One of the most obvious problems that are facing Lennox International Inc is global financial crisis, the company is not able to diversify fully its operations and processes since the world is having a slower economic growth. To make the situation even worse, the crisis started in the United States where the company has its main operating base. Another issue facing the company is high competition from international and other domestic companies in the industry; they include Samsung and Philips company who have developed into the sector and coming with similar products.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Lennox International Inc. Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With current moves by activists to improve the environmental condition in the efforts of making the world enjoy benefits of sustainable development, as such the company has to make some adjustments in its operations to produce commodities that are environmentally friendly as well as ensure that it has programs to protect the environment. Such programs include recycling and water conservation programs; other than looking into such factors, the company has to comply with national and international environmental policies like the regulations of Kyoto protocol. Another external influence that the company is facing is the shift of business from western and American markets to the Asian companies; many countries are diverting their trade to the Asian and Eastern countries making business in the United States more challenging. Other than the shift, the terrorism situation in the country has made some traders to shy away from getting commodities from the place1. Corporate Level Strategy In the wake of global fin ancial crisis, Lennox International Inc had to come up with corporate structures to remain marketable and relevant in modern contemporary business environments; one of the corporate strategies that the company has is to take advantage of its heritage of strong local autonomy. Using the strategy, managers at different states were supposed to advice the company on the kind of products that the company should make to fit that class of people that the country has. This saw the company makes products of different sizes and concentrated in some blue ocean business approach. For instance with the fiancà © competition that it was facing in the Asian countries, the company decided to relax its expenditure in the country and instead concentrate on other areas like African and Caribbean countries which were economically growing and promising. It also concentrated in the local markets and used research and development policies to come up with consumer driven products.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In line with growing the number of customers, the company has customer-relationship management programs that aim at improving the loyalty of customers in the domestic and international arenas. Direct marketing is another approach that the company has embarked on to ensure that the market of its products grow further. Business strategy To have a well-concentrated operation and facilitate the delivery of quality products and services, the company has divided its operations into four main business areas or line of business, refrigeration, residential heating and cooling. Service experts, commercial heating and cooling, the move facilitate proper leadership in the business with the aim of developing the most effective strategies and policies relevant to the sector of division. To ensure that it remains competitive, the company has a robust marketing and research development that has the task of reaching green markets and ensuring that it gets advantage from the markets. There are differ ent tools that have been adopted to assist in the sales; they include direct marketing, the use of social networks, the use of posters, and electronic marketing tools. The information and technology department is one of the strongest department in the company where it has the aim of advising the business on the best technology to adopt as well assisting the company come up with the right analysis tools for market information for decision making. Decisions are the driving force in an organization; the quality of decision made by managers determines the competitiveness of the organization; Lennox International Inc adopts a scientific decision making approach. The growth of an organization is influenced by the quality as well as acceptability of decisions made by managers of levels. To come up with a good decision Lennox International Inc undergoes through three main stages, the stages are defining the problem, data collection and choosing the best alternative. Involvement of staffs in the decision making process contributes to acceptability of the decision2. Financials Despite the hard economic times, Lennox International Inc has shown some improved strength in its financial standing, the company has the capacity to meet its financial obligations when they fall due and have the capacity of diversifying business internationally. Financial Assessment Since 2006 to 2009, Lennox sales has been reducing, the figures as per the company’s audited financial statements were $2847millions, 3,441 millions, $3,691 million, and 3,700 millions, the figures are a show of a business that is having financial constrains. However it should be remembered this was the time of global financial crisis where all companies especially those operating in the United States are facing; in 2010, the company shown an improvement of its sales when they increased to $3,096.40 millions, this shows a company that have come up from the crisis and have strengthened its marketing and operatio n base. Operating incomes for the periods were not any different with them reducing from 2006 to 2009 then increasing in 2010; the figures were as follows: $166.8m, $165.7m, $123.8m, $60.8m, and $117.1m, from 2006 to 2010 respectively. Looking at the changes and probably trying to deduce what happened in 2010, it is evident that the sales budget, marketing and distribution budget of the company increased. This shows that the company embarked on massive campaigns and marketing of its products. The company in the last five years showed the capability and short-term financial strength where its capability to meet its short term financial needs have been seen from the ration of its current assets and current liabilities. Though the current ration hardly could reach the most recommended level of two in either year, at least the company had the short-term assets to cater for its liabilities; the following is the record of its current assets and current liabilities. Current assets. 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Current assets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   946.90 833.90 935.20 1,070.70 1,018.40 Current Liabilities 615.60 593.80 576.00 684.20 651.10 In the recent years, that are 2009 and 2010, the company is seen to have an increased strength in the rate at which it can meet its financial obligation when they fall due. In 2010, the company’s long term financial obligation increased, this is when it recorded an increased amount of long-term loan of $317m from 2009 amount of $193m; the amount of loan can be seen as an additional capital that the company took to ensure that it has strengthened its operations in the global and local scenes. Other than in 2010, the last five years had seen a reduction of long-term loan that the company has had. The company has had a slowed growth in fixed assets value, the amounts seem to be in the same margins, and the amounts after depreciation were Year 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 324.30 329.60 329.40 317.80 288.20 The above trend doe s not show a health business, it shows a business that is struggling to keep a float and one that seems not to be inventing in fixed assets. Although this can be an alarm call, it can also show a business that takes time to put its house in order and invents in assets when the situation it is operating under seems to improve. Corporate Forecast The company is listed in the New York stock exchange; it continues to be one of the strongest trading companies. As at 17 May 2011, the company’s stocks were selling at $47.8 while 52 weeks high and low were 54.1 and 39.4 respectively. This shows a stock that is not stable and can be subject of speculations. For investors that are willing to make a fast kill with the stock exchange, they are some of the shares that can offer such an opportunity. Despite the hard economic times facing the company, the company has continues to respect their shareholders, since 1999, the company has been having an increased dividends share. In 2010, the d ividends for the last quarter were $0.180 per share this was $0.03 higher than the amount recorded in the same period in 2009. The flow of the divided in the space that the company has been facing some financial difficulties is a show of a company that has high value for its shareholders. It is unique to see a company having reduced incomes from sales yet the divided that it is declaring are increasing with time. Another move in the same line is the effort that the company opted for in 2010 of adding its loan budget instead of reducing the amount that it was to offer as dividends to shareholders, at normal situation, companies when having financial financing decisions to make, they opt for a reduction of their financial dividends declarations than to borrow finances. When interpolating the two moves, the company seen to be a good company for long term investments as it respects its shareholders, the current restructuring and recovery from financial crisis are also some indications o f a business that in the future will offer higher returns to the shareholders. The company also seems to have concentrated it powers in marketing and selling areas and with its vast experience and effective corporate management, the future seems bright with the company3. Risk analysis When in operation, a business faces different risks from internal and external forces. The risks can be arranged or mitigated in the best way possible to ensure that the company remains competitive amidst the changes in world trade environments. The following are the major risks affecting the company and the way it has done to mitigate losses as a result: Exchange risk Since the company operates in the global scenes, there are high chances that when the foreign exchange market is not healthy, the company can suffer some losses and when the markets are performing well, some gains accrue to the company. global financial flows, recent global financial crisis and recession have lead to exchange rate deprec iation and interest rate hikes; the new changes has resulted to international foreign currency environment that can be characterized with unsound fundamentals; exchange rate inflexibility. Since the foreign market is unpredictable, the company has made contingency plans to ensure that sudden and abrupt change or fall in the foreign exchange market does not force the company into financial constraints. Country risk Lennox International Inc operates in the global scenes, the country that it operates in determines the success of the company at that particular country as well as the general good of the company; this factor makes the company venerable for political, social and domestic rivalries of the countries it is operating in. For instance, there is a high risk in countries that have shifted their trade to the Asian countries. In time of election in those countries will no stable political structures; the company has in the past suffered losses. To ensure that the company remains co mpetitive and mitigates this risk, there are occasional countries of operation audits that help to improve the business practice with the company. It also respects the country of operation laws, politics, culture, and tradition. Financial risk In contemporary business environments, businesses are faced with financial risks; financial risks means that the company is faced with the challenge of developing the best approach that it can venture into the market and sell its products at a price afforded by the target market as it makes a financial gain from such a transaction. When trading in the global scenes, the company faces the challenge of whether it will sell its products directly to the consumers, which will probably earn the company higher financial gains or it, will have to involve the services of intermediaries and franchise its businesses. The best practice for the company is one that offers high value for money and one that ensures that things are on course. To ensure that th e company militates against financial losses, the management has embarked on strategic business management policies and tools; they are policies that allow the business to operate at its optimal by improving the internal process, services and products. The programs have two main agendas, to reduce the cost of operation as it increases the sales of the company. Market risk In the globalized business environments, business are facing a challenge dominating large share of the markets that they operate; Lennox International Inc is faced with domestic, multinational and international companies, there is also a blatant duplication of their products by some local competitors. The shift to Asian market is another risk that the company is facing since it has to compete with companies that seem to have an upper hand from the first instance. To ensure that the company remains competitive and mitigates any markets risk, the company has embarked on two main issues, massive innovation, invention, research, and development. It ensures that it makes products that are responsive to the needs of the communities it serves4. Conclusion Lennox International Inc has been in operation for more than a century; however, the company has faced numerous challenges in the last five years that has made it have a slowed expansion and growth. The main challenges come from competition, global financial crisis, and general trend of consumers moving to the Asian markets. Despite the challenges, the management has embarked on numerous strategic moves to remain competitive; the strategies adopted by the company include total quality management (TQM), six sigma, integrated supply chain management, and diversity management. The above policies have seen the company sales and productivity improve in 2010 although it is too early to judge whether the policies are lasting solutions to the company’s problems. Bibliography Hooley, Graham, and Saunders, John. 1993.Competitive Strategy: The Key to M arketing Strategy. New York: Prentice Hall. Kotabe, Masaki, and Helsen Kristiaan.2004. Global Marketing Management.New York: John Wiley Sons. Lennox International Inc. Official Website. Lennox International. Available from http://www.lennoxinternational.com/ . Zahra, Shaker A., R. Duane Ireland, and Michael A. Hitt. 2000. â€Å"International Expansion by New Venture Firms: International Diversity, Mode of Market Entry, Technological Learning, and Performance.† Academy of Management Journal 43, no. 5: 925-950. Appendixes Todd M. Bluedorn CEO Lennox International Inc.Janet K. Cooper Former Senior Vice President and Treasurer Qwest Communications International Inc. Committees: 1, 4C. L. (Jerry) Henry Former Chairman, President and CEO Johns Manville Corporation Committees: 1, 2John E. Major President MTSG Committees: 1, 3John W. Norris, III Chair Environmental Funders Partnership Committees: 2, 4 Paul W. Schmidt Former Corporate Controller General Motors Corporation Committe es: 1, 2Terry D. Stinson CEO Stinson Consulting, LLC Committees: 2, 3Jeffrey D. Storey, MD President Cheyenne Women’s Clinic Committees: 3, 4Gregory T. Swienton Chairman and CEO Ryder System, Inc. Committees: 3, 4Richard L. Thompson Chairman of the Board Lennox International Inc. Footnotes 1 Lennox International Inc. Official Website. Lennox International. 2 Zahra, Shaker A., R. Duane Ireland, and Michael A. Hitt. 2000. â€Å"International Expansion by New Venture Firms: International Diversity, Mode of Market Entry, Technological Learning, and Performance.† Academy of Management Journal 43, no. 5: 925-950. 3 Kotabe, Masaki, and Helsen Kristiaan.2004. Global Marketing Management.New York: John Wiley Sons. 4 Hooley, Graham, and Saunders, John. 1993.Competitive Strategy: The Key to Marketing Strategy. New York: Prentice Hall. This report on Lennox International Inc. Case Study was written and submitted by user Cayden Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

XiaoDouzi and Huanhuan essays

XiaoDouzi and Huanhuan essays Xiaodouzi, the name of a little dog, means a little bean in Chinese; while Huanhuan, is the name of a big cat, meaning pleasure. They are two sweethearts of my mother-in-law. Since her two sons left for Canada, they have been wiping out her loneliness. Besides the different meaning of their names, they differ in looks, habit and Xiaodouzi, with short snow-white hair, is more like a snowy ball. Four black dots are projected on his face: two acute eyes, one short upward nose and one small projecting mouth. Under his white hair are his short legs. The legs are so short that sometimes they are hard to see. Therefore, when Xiaodouzi moves, he looks more like a white fury ball rolling back and forth on the ground. In contrast to Xiaodouzi, Huanhuan, with long brown hair, looks like a state general. On his face, more angular than Xiaodouzis, there are two round and bright eyes like two emeralds, one long and lofty nose and one narrow triangle-shaped mouth. His legs are longer and stronger than Xiaodouzis. Except for their different looks, Xiaodouzi and Huanhuan are sorted into two polar types: the active and the lazy. Xiaodouzi cant keep still even one minute in daytime. He is also an early bird. Everyday at 4:00 or even earlier he is already shaking his tail and waiting near the door to go out. He always captures each chance of going out. Outside he will catch up to moving cars, walking people and even dancing fallen leaves in the wind. He very likes outdoor activities. Huanhuan, in contrast, stays at home all day. Sleeping may occupy most of his time. He is fanatic about sleeping under the sun in the chair near the window. Only eating and his masters call can tear him from sleeping. In addition, Xizodouzi and Huanhuan enjoy differ ...

Marketing in the United Kingdom Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Marketing in the United Kingdom - Research Paper Example In general context, U.K. has undergone a distinct demographic transition. This form of transition can be stated as a shift from the pre-industrial population with high mortality rates and birth rate, through a phase of rapid population growth and falling mortality rate, towards a stage of low mortality and birth rate. It is clearly evident that in initial phase there was low population growth rate, which again shifted to faster growth rate and finally witnessed a turmoil, which resulted in low population growth rate. In the last two decades, natural change observed in population growth rate was accompanied with net international immigration within the country. The overall population of U.K., as per 2011 census, was approximately 63,182,000. In the European Union, U.K. is considered to be the third-largest in terms of population size. On the other hand, in context of population density too, the region is regarded as the largest compared to neighbouring countries. Its population densit y can be denoted as, per square kilometre, there are approximately 259 people. The south-east of England accounts for about one-third of the total population. Majority of the population resides in either suburban or urban area. There are about 8million people who reside in the capital city of this region, London. The population of U.K. is majorly White British. This nation was located nearby to Continental Europe; hence, the different regions encompassed within U.K. have been subjected to various migrations and invasions.

Figurative Language versus Literal Language Essay - 11

Figurative Language versus Literal Language - Essay Example As an example, a person using an idiom would describe that another hung their head, which indicates a sadness or shame rather than the literal description of actually bowing a head downward. Misunderstanding might occur when a person unfamiliar with the common cultural meaning of a language is misconstrued, leaving them to believe a person is actually bending their head. The amphiboly is a type of fallacy, used to mislead the receiver. It is often used in political sciences as a means to persuade individuals of an intention while never actually providing clarity. As an example, this function in figurative language might be illustrated by a politician who indicates their goal is to argue with the Senate to provide changes. In reality, there is no argument occurring, rather following legitimate methods already in place to assist the constituency. Misunderstanding occurs when the receiver believes that there will be a verbal argument. The analogy occurs when comparisons are made, either in process or ideas, to something else entirely. As an example, the analogy would be used to suggest that a dirty animal stable has â€Å"enough work to kill a horse†. In this case, the converser or the writer is attempting to illustrate that it is difficult work, not to actually destroy a horse through the process of labor. An individual not acquainted with the familiar of culture and social lifestyle might believe that a horse will be slaughtered. A flame word is intended to prompt emotional response from the receiver to create an emotional response or retaliation against a principle or thought. The speaker or writer might indicate that a woman is â€Å"stubborn as a mule† to describe a poor disposition. Misunderstanding would not likely occur much when using flame words since the goal is to enflame the reader to respond accordingly. The metaphor occurs when comparisons are made to two objects or ideas that are actually similar in nature. To say that love

Relation between change management and emotional intelligence

Relation between change management and emotional intelligence Introduction Every business need to go through changes in the comparative business environment , this may happen different ways in different organisations, some of organisations may imposing the changes on workforces, such as redundant, salary review. Others may focus on re-engineer or re-structure business model. However, change management is the basic skills for managers and leader to adopt; it is essential approach to organisation to implement. ( ) define change management as The systematic approach and application of knowledge, tools and resources to deal with change. Change management means defining and adopting corporate strategies, structures, procedures and technologies to deal with changes in external conditions and the business environment. There are different change management models been published, such as Kanters 10 commandments, Pettigrew 5 factors, Kotters 8 failure and success factors . Similarly, at the beginning stage of change models, it is essential to create vision to change then motivate employees to accept, act and attain the change. It is not easy as says. People have good reason to resistant the changes, because the nature of change , include the risk and uncertainty, which most of people do not like that, also different people have the different preferences, some people like to stay where they are, these people can be named as stability oriented. Some people may resistance to change for emotional reasons, for instance, someone doesnt like to change job, because he/ she doesnt want someone else to tell them what to do. SARA Model Therefore, when the change is undergoing, people tend to go through a series of stages, people call it as SARA Model: S- hcok A- nger R- ejection A- cceptance Shock: It is nature for people to face the shock, when it comes across the changes, confusion or disorientation is symptom in this stage. Anger: it expresses in different ways, employee may anger with oneself or others, in particular, people close to them, they need to show the feeling when the change happen. Rejection: in some case, at first, people would like to reject the change rather to accept it instantly. In this stage, the rejection not only appear on the action, also include the denial of emotional impact. Acceptance: in the stage, people able to accept the change and adopt it. It also involved the negative acceptance, such as resign for work. The key principle advocated by the change management theory is communication; it is significant to keep employees informed completely before the change happens, the managers should prepare themselves to deal with employees reaction in the change process. It is not simply get people together and give orders, the manager need to monitor employees emotion in different stages of SARA model. Emotion and Emotional Intelligence Emotion is the power to drive the employees actions in the organisation; it is also the primary driving force behind motivation. Managers need to be aware of employees emotion movement, be able to understand it, then control the emotion in certain level to maintain the relationship, teamwork and work efficiency. The development of the reading and express emotions along with management skills will improve motivation for employee and increase the productivity for organisation. In 1980s psychologists, evolutionary biologists, psychiatrists, scientists had identified a series of human capacities related to emotions. By 1983, a psychologist, Howard Gardner from Harvard university, who identified the multiple intelligence, as ( ) claimed it has seven kind of intelligence, include two personal varieties: knowing ones inner world and social adeptness. The term emotional Intelligence was introduced by two psychologists, John D. Mayer and Peter Salovey in 1990, they define the Emotional Intelligence as the set of abilities that account for how peoples emotional perception and understanding vary in their accuracy. More formally, emotional intelligence as the ability to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion in the self and others. ( ) In contrast, in 1995, Daniel Goleman published a book called emotional intelligence: why it can matter than IQ, which became the best-seller internationally, ( ) claimed the emotional intelligence as the abilities called here emotional intelligence, which include self control, zeal and persistence, and the ability to motivate oneself. Theories of Emotional Intelligence Mayer-Salovey ability model In 1997 , John D. Mayer and Peter Salovey proposed the Mayer-Salovey ability model, it include four level. Show as below: Perception and Expression of Emotion Assimilating Emotion in Thought Understanding and Analysing Emotion Reflective Regulation of Emotion Perception and Expression of Emotion: the most basic level of emotional intelligence, it involve the perception and appraisal of emotion. For example, in the organisation, managers should able to identifying oneself and employees emotion and interpret it, in order to maintain the synergy within the organisation. Assimilating Emotion in Thought: the second level of emotional intelligence, it is the capacity of emotions to enter into cognitive thinking, use the emotion to communicate feelings. According to ( ) said the emotions prioritize thinking, for example, sometimes, people tend to respond to things emotionally, not rationally. It is something manager should pay attention. Understanding and Anglicising emotion: the third level of emotional intelligence, understand and reasoning about the emotion, for instance, happy, anger, sad, fear. It is important for managers to recognise the emotions, aware how employee unfold them and reason about them. Reflective Regulation of Emotion: it is the highest level of emotional intelligence, it involve the management and regulation of emotion in oneself and others. Mangers should utilise these skills into workplace, manage the employees emotion and motivate them to work effectively. The Bar-On Theory Unlike Mayer-Salovey ability model seen the EQ as abilities in different level, the Psychologist Reuven Bar-On ( ) viewed the emotional intelligence as array of nonncognative capabilities, competencies, and skills that influence ones ability to succeed in coping with environment demands and pressures. Bar-On identified five functional areas which are essential to emotional intelligence, show as following: ( ) Intrapersonal Skills Interpersonal skills Adaptability Scales Stress- Management Scales General Mood Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Theory Intrapersonal skills include emotional self-awareness, assertiveness, self-regards, self-actualization and independence. Interpersonal skills, there are interpersonal relationships, social responsibility and empathy. Adaptability scales cover problem solving, reality testing and flexibility. Stress-management scales involve stress tolerance and impulse control. General mood, happiness and optimism are two keys. Bar-On ( ) believes that if people go through appropriate training, emotional intelligence ability can be improved, furthermore, he believes that EQ along with IQ, construct the general intelligence of human beings. Bar-On developed the first measure of emotional intelligence, called Emotional Quotient Inventory. Individual with high EQ are more likely to meet the environment demands, which Bar-On (1997) explains Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQi) related to the potential to succeed rather than success itself. Daniel Goleman emotional intelligence model Daniel Goleman is a psychologist and journalist, he had published a book called Working with Emotional Intelligence, and the book became the best seller on both Atlantic. In the book, he created popular emotional intelligence model as below: Knowing Ones Emotions Management Emotions Motivating Oneself Recognizing Emotions in Others Handling Relationship Knowing Ones Emotions: it involving self- awareness, which means recognising emotion. It is the key for managers to aware employees emotions; it is also cover the ability to monitor the movement of emotion. Managing Emotions: It is the ability to handling emotions in appropriate way as process of self awareness building. It also means to give sympathy to someone or oneself when some one in difficulties, and mange to get rid of anxiety, gloom and irritability. Motivating Oneself: Organising emotions in the service of goal is important for self-motivation and creativity. According to ( ) it help to delaying gratification and stifling impulsiveness, and being able to perform well in different works and get into the flow state. Recognising emotions in others: it is the basic interpersonal skills, such as empathy. People who have empathic awareness are accustomed to spot others needs and wants. Handling Relationships: it require the skills in managing relationship and emotions, it is also the ability to interact with others effectively and smoothly. Emotional Intelligence personal relationship EQ is involved how to deal, perceive, understand and manage the emotions, it is helping individual in their relationship. In particular, for the manager to have emotional intelligence competencies, because managers need to engage with employees to achieve agreed goals, they can not work alone. Managers with higher EQ are more likely to be in flow and happy, they able to keep the positive mood, aware the negative mood, have better social life, and better relationship with subordinates. Because, higher EQ managers are able to motivate others through effective teamwork, encourage subordinate to achieve the pleasurable goals. Manger with lower EQ are likely express their feels and emotions in inappropriate way, they face trouble reading the body language, and low sensitivity about their and others feelings and emotion. Mangers with lower EQ whose tend to use authority to create the distance between themselves and subordinates, which is unfavourable for the organisation. Emotional Intelligence transformational leadership Transformational leadership seen as ( ) the ability to bring about significant change. It is relevant in the context of change management. As claimed ( ) transformational leaders able to manage changes in organisations strategy, culture, as well as employees motivation. Transformational leaders provide more freedom to employees, they focus on the intangible element, for instance the vision, value, building solid relationships, rather than controlling the employee by rules, incentives, power. Moreover, the emotional intelligence plays a critical role in the transformational leadership. There are four characteristics for transformational leader when they adopt emotional intelligence. The transformational leader able to provide a vision which desired in the future, it is the vision significantly better and appropriate than other ones. By using emotional intelligence ability, leaders communicate to employees in the way that the difficulties of change can be solved and the effort of change is worth. Transformational leadership moves employee more motivated, employees given opportunity to control, transformational leaders able to motivate employees focus on their own mission and goals, also define the boundaries within it which employee can accomplish it in the relative degree of freedom. Transformational leadership shift the employees concerns from the lower hierarchy of needs (physical needs, safety needs )to higher hierarchy of needs(self-esteem and self-actualization), which means the transformational leader not only meet the lower need through better salary, better working place, these leaders with emotional intelligence also pay attention to employees attitude in terms of personal growth and development. Transformational leaders motivate employees to do more than others, which encourage them to go beyond the self- interests to contribute the organisation. Emotional intelligence transformational leaders able to create the awareness of importance of changes, therefore when the employees admire their leaders, they have high level of trust in transformational leaders, they are positive and confidence about the changes confronted, it leads to willing contribute the organisation beyond the self-interest. Emotional Intelligence Leadership skills As ( ) found that a leader with high EQ is more effective than a leader with high cognitive capability, leaders with high EQ know and understand the secrets of the heart, they have developed what called an educated heart, a sense of personal and social responsibility. Therefore, Leaders with higher emotional intelligence performance better in certain skills, three main significant skills mentioned below: Self-awareness: it enable managers to accurate understand their strength and weakness, self awareness is also related to impulse control and tolerance stress. High EQ managers should able to cope with the difficult and challenging situation. Care Employee: it involves making the ease environment, and making employee relax. It is help to manager control impulse with regard to anger and others emotion, and make employee happy while they work, as a result to increase better teamwork and productivity. Relationship building skills: it is ability to build the relationship with people around which involve inside and outside the organisation. It also involve impulse control and stress tolerance skills, which is the key to in interpersonal managers, it is similar concept as above mentioned Daniel Goleman emotional intelligence model. Critics of Emotional Intelligence Goleman (1995) claims that if we look at sets variables of emotional intelligence persistence, warmth, optimism and so forth. We can predict important life outcomes. The way to interpret the claim is that people with more emotional intelligence traits are likely to be success in the life or workplace. The different traits such as empathy motivation, assertive, tolerance, optimistic, sociability, attention to details, extroversion and so forth, contribute to success. However, Barrick and Mount (1991) carried out research of 24.000 workers, they found top three personality trait which related to emotional intelligence traits which mentioned above. They found altruism and modesty were not related to job success, and extroversion, it include the good feeling and warmth were not predict the success for lawyers, teachers, although it is work in sales people. In addition, some of the series of traits may conflict, for instance people with higher demand to goals may have lower in cooperatio n, furthermore , it is not necessary means that organisation to recruit employee with higher emotional intelligence can be success, because when HR department prepare the job description, according to ( ) traits such as people skills, initiative, and persuasiveness appear in 67% of job description.. So, Golemans claim regarding emotional intelligence is seem like overblown, people with higher emotional intelligence can not be predicted the future success. Secondly, Goleman (1998) claims that Outstanding leaders emotional competencies make up to 85% to 100% of the competencies crucial for success. It not necessary true , because leader not only need to have emotional intelligence, they are also look for opportunity to allow them to lead effectively, and the success leaders always looking for better way to improve their performance. However, as ( ) mentioned clearly, there is link between an individuals ability to manage and generate emotions and leadership. In other hand ( ) discuss that the important of individualized consideration as an aspect of transformational leadership and identify charisma as an aspect of leadership. It means that individual consideration and charisma also the important factor for success leadership. Conclusion Overall, in the first part report, it has clear analysis the relation between change management and emotional intelligence, the organisation need to deal with changes all the time, they need to adopt appropriate strategy, structure, procedures to manage change, the report also mention the change management models, such as Kanters 10 commandments, Pettigrew 5 factors, Kotters 8 failure and success factors, and SARA model. At the second part, it focus on how managers communicate undergoing changing process, the way to aware and monitor employees emotion, the conception of emotional intelligence has been introduced, the different definition also been stressed. Moreover, the theories of emotional intelligence also been listed, it provide the clear picture for managers in what extent and how to utilise the emotional intelligence. The third part of the report, has critical analysis the relationship among emotional intelligence, personal relationship, transformational leadership, leadership skills. It is the way to examine the emotional intelligence in other perspectives. The advantage and disadvantage side of the emotional intelligence in relation to transformational leadership, and the skills need for emotional intelligence managers. At the last part, the critics of emotional intelligence has been arise, the argument been made regarding the claim of Daniel Goleman. First claim about the variable of emotional intelligence can predict the important life outcome. The report has provided the examples and other authors research to argue the thesis. As result, the emotional intelligence has overstated, people with higher emotional intelligence can not predict the future success. The second claim said the Outstanding leaders emotional competencies make up to 85% to 100% of the competencies crucial for success. It is the only significant factor related to leaders success, it is one of many among important factors. Ref

Renal System Study Guide

Renal System Study Guide Med/Surg I Major Functions of Kidney: Regulation of Homeostasis -Filters blood & regulates contents (water content & blood volume) -Maintain acid-base balance -Control fluid & electrolytes -Excrete metabolic waste products -Control BP (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone) Urinary System Structure: Kidneys (produce urine), Ureters (transport urine to bladder), Bladder (stores urine), Urethra (conduct urine outside body) *Nephron- working unit of kidney *Kidneys receive 25% of cardiac output= approx. 1 Liter GRF= 125ml/min & increases at night Renal Hormones: ADH- works in DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE Aldosterone- made in ADRENAL CORTEX ANP- inhibits secretion of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone & water absorption by kidney tubules Erythropoietin- stimulates marrow to make more RBC's Renin- made & released in JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE decreased renal perfusion= low BP ;JGA releases renin ;Liver releases angiotensin I ;Lungs convert angio I to a ngiotensin II ; Increase in BP due to VASOCONSTRICTION, myocardial contractility, VOLUME INCREASE becase ALDOSTERONE is released by ADRENAL CORTEX ;Aldosterone causes sodium & water to be REABSORPTION & potassium excretion **** This stops once BP is normal because it is a NEGATIVE feedback system Lab Tests/Diagnostics: Creatnine- 0. 6-1. 2 End product of muscle & protein metabolism -reflects GFR, renal disease is the only condition to increase creatnine level (not effected by hydration status) BUN- 8-16 measures amount of urea (byproduct of protein metabolism in liver) -factors affecting BUN: hydration/ urine flow, hypoperfusion, metabolic rate, drugs, diet Elevated BUN with normal creatnine= DEHYDRATION/Volume depletion/low perfusion -Elevated BUN & Creatnine= RENAL FAILURE/Dysfunction Specific Gravity- 1. 003-1. 030 measures ability of kidneys to concentrate urine -increased spec. grav = (more concentrated urine) dehydration, low perfusion, too much ADH -decreased sep. grav = (les s concentrated urine) too much fluid, diabetes insipidus, or inability of kidneys to concentrate urine Creatnine Clearance- evaluates how well kidneys remove creatnine from blood -best estimate for GFR renal threshold of glucose = blood glucose level of at least 180 before it spills over in urine *bacturia- males 10,00 colonies, females 100,00 colonies of bacteria Renal Calculi/stones: Causes: dehydration, infection, change in urine pH, obstruction, diet, immobilization, metabolic factors S/S: CVA (Costal-vertebral angle) pain, N, abdominal distention, fever, chills, hematuria, pyruria DX: KUB, US, Urine cx, stone analysis, serum calcium & phosphorus to detect hormonal problems TX: hydration/push fluids, abx, toradol (relaxes ureters), diuretics NSG: strain urine, stone analysis, push fluids 3-4L/day, teach diet & s/s of obstructionAcute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis – bil. inflammation of glomeruli Causes: Strep infection, impetigo S/S: edema, azotemia, hematuria, oli guria, fatigue, HTN, na retention DX: elevated ASO (antistreptolysin-O titer), elevated electrolyte, BUN,& Creatnine, KUB-bil kidney enlargement TX: relief of symptoms, bedrest, fluid & sodium restrictions, abx, daily BUN & creatnine, diet- high calories, low protein sodium potassium & fluids. Acute Pyelonephritis sudden bacterial inflammation of kidney risk factors: urinary stasis, inablility to empty bladder (BPH/enlarged prostate), obstruction, sex, pregnancy, DM S/S: urinary freq. & urgency, dysuria, hematuria, elevated temp, chills, flank pain, anorexia, malaise UA: show pyuria, hematuria, low spec. gravity, alkaline pH, proteinuria, gycosuria, kentonuria TX: abx, analgesic, reculture urine 1 week after abx complete NSG: antipyretics, increase fluids, monitor for feverNephrotic syndrome -clinical manifestations caused by protein wasting secondary to diffuse glomerular damage usually after stress to immune system s/s: proteinuria, low albumin, edema, hyperlipidemia, hypovolemia nsg: low protein high calorie diet, i/o's, sodium & fluid restriction, weights, treat underlying cause Renal Failure Prerenal- obstructs flow to kidneys ex: CV disease, hypovolemia, peripheral vasodilation, severe vasoconstriction Intrarenal- poisions kidney tissue x: acute glomerular nephritis, pyelonephritis, sickle cells, lupus Postrenal- bladder obstruction, treteral obstruction S/S of Acute Renal Failure: anorexia, uremic breath, oliguria, n/v/d -elevated BUN/creatnine & K+ -low pH, Bicarb, Hgb & Hct Tx: reestablish effective renal function, high calorie diet, diet low in protein sodium & potassium, restrict fluid, vitamin supplements, MONITOR FOR HYPERKALEMIA NSG: i/o's, monitor electrolytes, h, & vitals, check for pericarditis, small frequent meals BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) prostatic growth that may block urethra -blockage can cause UTI's, delayed urinary emptying detrusor muscles weakends results in urinary retention– pt unable to urinate can cause uremia, b ladder rupture & peritonitis TURP (Transurethral Resection of Prostate) -surgery that uses a resectoscope to go in urethra & clip out portions of prostate -continous bladder irrigation to prevent clots nsg: keep penis clean. never remove foley, Kegel exercises